Ultimate Guide to Crochet Abbreviations Every Beginner Should Know
- Dawn VanBlargan
- Feb 1
- 4 min read
Starting a new crochet project can feel overwhelming when you encounter a pattern filled with unfamiliar abbreviations. These shorthand codes are essential for reading and following crochet instructions efficiently. Understanding the crochet abbreviations master list will save you time, reduce mistakes, and boost your confidence as you create beautiful handmade items.
This guide breaks down the most common crochet abbreviations used by designers and publishers, especially those following U.S. crochet terminology. Whether you want to make a scarf, blanket, or amigurumi, knowing these abbreviations will help you decode any pattern with ease.
1. Basic Crochet Abbreviations You Will See Often
Every crochet pattern uses a set of basic abbreviations that describe stitches and actions. Here are some of the most common ones:
ch – chain stitch
sc – single crochet
hdc – half double crochet
dc – double crochet
tr – treble crochet
sl st – slip stitch
inc – increase (make two stitches in one stitch)
dec – decrease (combine two stitches into one)
rep – repeat (repeat the instructions that follow)
st – stitch
rnd – round
RS – right side (the front of your work)
WS – wrong side (the back of your work)
These abbreviations form the foundation of most patterns. For example, a simple instruction like “ch 10, sc in 2nd ch from hook” means to chain 10 stitches, then single crochet into the second chain from the hook.
2. Post Stitches and Loop Abbreviations
Post stitches create texture by working around the post of a stitch instead of the top loops. Loop abbreviations tell you where to insert your hook:
FP or FPhdc – front post (work around the front of the stitch post)
BP or BPhdc – back post (work around the back of the stitch post)
FL or FLO – front loop only (insert hook into the front loop of the stitch)
BL or BLO – back loop only (insert hook into the back loop of the stitch)
For example, “FPdc” means front post double crochet, which adds raised texture to your fabric. These stitches are common in ribbing and cable patterns.
3. Special Stitch Abbreviations to Know
Some stitches have unique abbreviations that may appear less frequently but are important for certain designs:
pc – popcorn stitch (a cluster of stitches worked together to form a “popcorn” shape)
ps or puff – puff stitch (multiple yarn overs pulled through together to create a puff)
bo – bobble (a raised stitch made by working multiple stitches together)
cl – cluster (group of stitches worked together)
edc – extended double crochet
ehdc – extended half double crochet
esc – extended single crochet
etr – extended treble crochet
These stitches add decorative elements and texture to your projects. For example, a popcorn stitch can create a fun 3D effect on blankets or hats.
4. Color and Pattern Instructions
Patterns often include instructions about colors and how to follow the design:
CC – contrasting color (a different yarn color used for accents)
MC – main color (the primary yarn color)
pat or patt – pattern (the stitch or design pattern to follow)
cont – continue (keep working as before)
foll – following (the next stitch or row)
For example, “With CC, work 3 rows of sc” means to switch to the contrasting color yarn and crochet three rows of single crochet.
5. Instructions for Working with Stitches and Spaces
Understanding how to work into spaces or previous stitches is key:
ch-sp – chain space (the space created by chains)
ch-1 sp – chain 1 space (a specific chain space to work into)
sk – skip (skip a stitch or space)
tog – together (work stitches together, usually for decreases)
pm or m – place marker (mark a stitch or spot)
sm or sl m – slip marker (move the marker without removing it)
For example, “dc2tog” means double crochet two stitches together, which decreases the stitch count.
6. Yarn Handling and Hook Movements
Some abbreviations describe how to handle the yarn or hook:
yo – yarn over (wrap yarn over the hook)
yoh – yarn over hook (same as yo)
tch or t-ch – turning chain (chain stitches at the beginning of a row to bring the yarn to the correct height)
For example, “yo, insert hook, yo, pull through” describes the steps to make a double crochet stitch.
Tips for Using the Crochet Abbreviations Master List
Keep a printed or digital copy handy while working on patterns. It speeds up reading and reduces confusion.
Look for special abbreviations at the start of patterns or books. Designers sometimes add unique codes not on the master list.
Practice common stitches to become familiar with their abbreviations and how they look in your work.
Use stitch markers (pm) to keep track of repeats and rounds, especially when working in the round (rnd).
Watch tutorial videos to see how special stitches like popcorn (pc) or bobble (bo) are made.
Understanding the crochet abbreviations master list opens the door to countless patterns and projects. With this knowledge, you can confidently follow instructions, try new stitches, and bring your creative ideas to life. Keep this guide close, practice regularly, and enjoy the rewarding journey of crochet.
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